Что такое числительные?
Числительные - это слова, которые обозначают количество (сколько?) или порядок (который по счету?). В английском языке есть две основные группы числительных.
Отвечают на вопрос "Сколько?" и обозначают количество предметов.
1 - one2 - two3 - three4 - four5 - five6 - six7 - seven8 - eight9 - nine10 - ten11 - eleven12 - twelve
13 - thirteen14 - fourteen15 - fifteen16 - sixteen17 - seventeen18 - eighteen19 - nineteenОсобенности:
thirteen (не threeteen)
fifteen (не fiveteen)
eighteen (одна t)
20 - twenty30 - thirty40 - forty50 - fifty60 - sixty70 - seventy80 - eighty90 - ninetyВажно:
forty (не fourty)
fifty (не fivety)
eighty (одна t)
Десяток + единица (через дефис):
21 - twenty-one32 - thirty-two45 - forty-five67 - sixty-seven89 - eighty-nineПримеры в предложениях:
I have twenty-three books.She is thirty-eight years old.100 - one hundred200 - two hundred1,000 - one thousand10,000 - ten thousand100,000 - one hundred thousand1,000,000 - one millionСоставные большие числа:
125 - one hundred and twenty-five2,347 - two thousand, three hundred and forty-seven1,000,001 - one million and one
Отвечают на вопрос "Который по счету?" и обозначают порядок предметов.
1st - first2nd - second3rd - third4th - fourth5th - fifth6th - sixth7th - seventh8th - eighth9th - ninth10th - tenthОсобые изменения:
five → fifth (ve → f)
eight → eighth (+h)
nine → ninth (без e)
11th - eleventh12th - twelfth13th - thirteenth14th - fourteenth15th - fifteenth16th - sixteenth17th - seventeenth18th - eighteenth19th - nineteenth20th - twentiethПравило: к количественному + th
Но: twelve → twelfth
30th - thirtieth40th - fortieth50th - fiftieth60th - sixtieth70th - seventieth80th - eightieth90th - ninetiethПравило: y → i + eth
twenty → twentieth
thirty → thirtieth
forty → fortieth
100th - hundredth1000th - thousandth
Только последняя цифра становится порядковой:
21st - twenty-first32nd - thirty-second43rd - forty-third54th - fifty-fourth65th - sixty-fifth76th - seventy-sixth87th - eighty-seventh98th - ninety-eighth99th - ninety-ninthЗапомни: 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th... 31st, 32nd, 33rd...
101st - one hundred and first222nd - two hundred and twenty-second333rd - three hundred and thirty-third444th - four hundred and forty-fourth1,000th - thousandth1,001st - thousand and first2,222nd - two thousand, two hundred and twenty-secondДаты:
June 1st, 2023May 2nd, 1990July 3rd, 2000
Перед существительными:
I have three brothers.There are twenty-five students in the class.Возраст:
She is eighteen years old.Телефоны, номера:
My phone number is five-five-seven.С артиклем THE:
He is the first person to arrive.This is the third time I've called you.Даты:
My birthday is on June 15th.Этажи, века:
I live on the fifth floor.We live in the twenty-first century.½ - a/one half¼ - a/one quarter¾ - three quarters⅓ - a/one third⅖ - two fifths⅞ - seven eighths³/₁₀ - three tenthsПравило:
Числитель - количественное
Знаменатель - порядковое + s
0.5 - zero point five3.14 - three point one four10.25 - ten point two five100.01 - one hundred point zero one
• Количественные: сколько? (one, two, three...)
• Порядковые: который? (first, second, third...) + the
• 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th-20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th...
• В датах: June 1st, July 2nd, August 3rd
• Дроби: two thirds, three quarters
❌ I have five brother. (множественное число!)
✅ I have five brothers.
❌ I live on five floor. (нужен the и порядковое!)
✅ I live on the fifth floor.
❌ forty, fivety, nineth
✅ forty, fifty, ninth